Day 1 :
- Nutraceuticals Functional Foods
Location: Webinar
Session Introduction
Hafiza Farhat
Gomal University, Pakistan
Title: Antimicrobial potential of n-hexane fraction and ethanolic extract of seaweeds and GC-MS metabolic profiling of Sargassum ilicifolium and Ulva fasciata
Biography:
Hafiza Farhat did PhD on Antibiotic producing endophytic fungi associated with healthy plants and received PhD degree from university of Karachi. Now she is serving in well renowned and Public Sector University (Gomal University D.I Khan) of Pakistan as an Assistant Professor. She has research articles in high impact factor journal in national and international journals. She attended so many conference and workshop as a speaker. She is also gold medalist as she achieved two gold medals in University level by getting first position in M.Sc.
Abstract:
Marine macro-algae (seaweeds) have been used as food in many Asian countries since a long time. They contain proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and polysaccharides in high amounts such as carrageenan, alginates, ulvans, vitamins and minerals. Interest in seaweed has also been increasing due to their health benefits. Several researchers evaluated the biological activities of S. ilicifolium and Ulva fasciata. S. ilicifolium contains calcium and ascorbic acid and also possesses antifungal activity. In this study, antibacterial and antifungal activity of n-hexane fraction and ethanol extract of S. ilicifolium and U. fasciata were checked. For antibacterial activity, five common laboratory bacteria were used viz; Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, while for antifungal activity Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani were used. Both seaweeds showed a potential against bacteria as well as pathogenic fungi by forming the prominent zone of inhibition. Seaweeds extract and their fraction were subjected to GC-MS analysis in order to isolate compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds and some of them are new from their source. GC-MS spectroscopy of n-hexane fraction of S. ilicifolium revealed the presence of some new compounds. Among them, fatty acids were found to be in highest concentration followed by halogenated hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives and sterols. Characterization of n-hexane soluble fraction of S. ilicifolium confirmed the presence of different volatile compounds, in which fatty acids were found to be in highest concentration followed by halogenated hydrocarbons, fatty acid derivatives and sterols. Since U. fasciata is edible seaweed, it may be used as a diet supplement. The identification of compounds from seaweeds shows that these seaweeds can be an alternative therapy in medicine and can be widely used in drug industries.
Ayman Balla Mustafa
Mustafa Misurata University, Libya
Title: Prevalence and indications of preschooler obesity in Libya: Anthropometry assessment base
Biography:
Ayman Balla Mustafa Yassien graduated in University of Juba, thereafter awarded M.Sc. and PhD in Nutrition and Dairy Nutrition from University of Khartoum, Sudan. He served as Lecturer of Nutrition Sciences, College of Rural Development and Community Studies, University of Juba then assist professor in Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Butana University. Now, he is working assistant professor in Misurata University, Libya. He participated in many international conferences, workshop and symposia in nutrition and camel milk area. He has published many research articles in international platforms and journals in addition two books were published through Lambert academic publishing, German. He is also serving as reviewer and editor for some indexed and peer-reviewed journals. He is member Australia Society for Nutrition, International Society of Camelides Researches and Development (www.ISOCARD.net) and International Society of Animal Genetic.
Abstract:
Background: The rapid increase in prevalence of obesity in world during the last 25 years demonstrates the potent effect of environment on adiposity, especially in genetically susceptible of individuals and populations.
Objectives: This study to investigate prevalence of preschooler’s obesity throughout anthropometric measurements and family history at Misurata.
Materials and methods: The cross sectional study was performed on 150 preschoolers, where selected randomly during April up to June 2021. The study data were collected using interview and anthropometric measurements during the survey. These were focused on socio-demography, anthropometry measurements and medical history.
Result: The results revealed that, majority of participants fall within age 48-66 months, 60% male and 40%, While 5% and 11% of participants were low birth weight and preterm respectively. Measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI) indicated that, 34% of participants were obese, 18% of participants were overweight, whereas Weight for Age (WFA) indicated that, 56% and 17% of participants were obese and overweight respectively. In addition, the survey indicated that 21% of participants had chronic illness. The result revealed that a significantly positive correlation (P ≤ 0.05) of BMI with WFA, gestation period and birth weight, When, a significantly negative correlation (P ≤ 0.05) of gender with waist circumference and BMI.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the high prevalence of obesity and overweight would be threatening child health and development, unless therapeutic lifestyle should be practiced through intervention program. The appropriate nutrition education must be targeted children and their family, this is to enhance improve nutrition patterns and health status of preschoolers.
Abigail Raffner Basson
Case Western Reserve University, USA
Title: Replacing animal protein with soy-pea protein in an American Diet controls murine crohn disease-like ileitis regardless of firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio
Biography:
Abigail R Basson is a registered dietitian and NIH-funded instructor in the Department of Nutrition and Division of Gastroenterology at Case Western Reserve University and a clinical dietitian for the Preventive Medicine Center at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland USA. Her expertise is in basic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and dietary manipulation of disease severity in mouse models and in human clinical trials. The overarching goal of her work is to translate scientific knowledge and discoveries into applied knowledge that can be disseminated at the community level. Her work challenges the traditional paradigm of a ‘one size fits all’ diet approach and underscores the importance of quantifying person-specific host and microbiota dietary responses into personalized diets that are of benefit to the individual.
Abstract:
Statement of the problem: The current nutritional composition of the "American Diet" (AD; also known as Western diet) has been linked to the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), namely Crohn Disease (CD). This study investigated which of the 3 major macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) in the AD has the greatest impact on preventing chronic inflammation in experimental IBD mouse models.
Methodology: We compared 5 rodent diets designed to mirror the 2011-2012 "What We Eat in America" NHANES. Each diet had 1 macronutrient dietary source replaced. The diets were AD, ADsoy-pea (animal protein replaced by soy+pea protein), AD-CHO ("refined carbohydrate" by polysaccharides), AD-fat [redistribution of n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio: Ì´10:1 to 1:1] and AD-mix (all 3 "healthier" macronutrients combined). In 3 separate experiments, 8-wk-old germfree SAMP1/YitFC mice (SAMP) colonized with human gut microbiota ("hGF-SAMP") from CD or healthy donors were fed an AD, an AD- "modified," or chow diet for 24 wk. Two subsequent dextran sodium sulfate-colitis experiments in hGF-SAMP (12-wk-old) and Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) C57BL/6 (20-wk-old) mice and a 6-wk feeding trial in 24-wk-old SPF SAMP were performed [Figure 1].
Findings: The AD-soy-pea diet resulted in lower histology scores [mean ± SD (56.1% ± 20.7% reduction)] in all feeding trials and IBD mouse models than did other diets (P<0.05). Compared with the AD, the AD-soy-pea correlated with increased abundance in Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostraceae (1.5-4.7 log2 and 3.0-5.1 log2 difference, respectively), glutamine (6.5 ± 0.8 compared with 3.9 ± 0.3 ng/μg stool, P=0.0005) and butyric acid (4:0; 3.3 ± 0.5 compared with 2.54 ± 0.4 ng/μg stool, P=0.006) concentrations and decreased linoleic acid (18:2n-6; 5.4 ± 0.4 compared with 8.6 ± 0.3 ng/μL plasma, P=0.01).
Conclusion: Replacement of animal protein in an AD by plant-based sources reduced the severity of experimental IBD in all mouse models studied, suggesting that similar, feasible adjustments to human diets could help control/prevent IBD in humans.